Objects In Dart

Of course, I'd be happy to help you with information about objects in the Dart programming language.

In Dart, an object is an instance of a class. A class is a blueprint or template for creating things with shared properties (attributes) and behaviors (methods). Here's a basic overview of how things work in Dart:

1. Class Definition: You define a class using the class keyword. This explains the structure and behavior that the class objects will have.

    dartCopy codeclass Person {
      String name;
      int age;
   
      Person(this.name, this.age);  // Constructor
    }
   

2. Object Creation: You create objects from a class using constructors. Constructors are unique methods that are used to initialize the object's attributes.

    dartCopy codevar person1 = Person('Alice', 30);
    var person2 = Person('Bob', 25);
   

3. Accessing Attributes: You can access an object's attributes using the dot (.) notation.

    dartCopy codeprint(person1.name);  // Output: Alice
    print(person2.age);   // Output: 25
   

4. Methods: Methods are functions defined within a class. They can be used to perform actions associated with the course.

    dartCopy codeclass Circle {
      double radius;
   
      Circle(this.radius);
   
      double calculateArea() {
        return 3.14 * radius * radius;
      }
    }
   
    var myCircle = Circle(5);
    var area = myCircle.calculateArea();
    print(area);  // Output: 78.5
   

5. Constructor Overloading: Dart supports multiple constructors for a class, known as constructor overloading.

    dartCopy codeclass Rectangle {
      double width;
      double height;
   
      Rectangle(this.width, this.height);
   
      Rectangle.square(double side) : width = side, height = side;
    }
   
    var rect1 = Rectangle(10, 5);
    var square = Rectangle.square(7);
   

6. Getters and Setters: Getters and setters are methods that allow controlled access to object attributes.

    dartCopy codeclass Temperature {
      double _celsius;
   
      Temperature(this._celsius);
   
      double get fahrenheit => _celsius * 9 / 5 + 32;
      set fahrenheit(double value) => _celsius = (value - 32) * 5 / 9;
    }
   
    var temp = Temperature(25);
    print(temp.fahrenheit);    // Output: 77.0
    temp.fahrenheit = 95;
    print(temp._celsius);      // Output: 35.0
   

These are some of the fundamental concepts related to objects in Dart. Objects allow you to create instances of classes with their attributes and behaviors, making your code more organized and modular.